[目的]研究制约黔东南马铃薯生产的气候因子.[方法]利用黔东南16个代表站1961～2009年温度、降雨、日照、相对湿度等气候资料,根据马铃薯种植生产获得高产所需的气候条件,运用对比分析方法,分析该地区马铃薯生长期内各相关气象要素利弊影响,找出制约黔东南马铃薯产量形成的气候因子.[结果]马铃薯生长期间日照不足,平均日照仅2.5～3.3 h/d,是制约黔东南马铃薯产量形成的光照因子;春季黔东南日平均气温≥20℃、日平均地温≥22℃的高温天气时有发生,缩短了马铃薯的生育期,马铃薯生长期间大部分时间气温日较差≤10 ℃,不利于干物质的积累,这是制约马铃薯产量的温度因子;黔东南马铃薯开花期降雨量不足、成熟期潮湿多雨造成马铃薯多病虫害发生,是制约黔东南马铃薯生产的雨湿因子.[结论]黔东南马铃薯生育期内,雨日多、日照少、相对湿度大、气温日较差小、高温天气时有发生等是制约马铃薯高产的主要气候原因.%[ Objective ] The research aimed to study the main climate factors impacting the yield of potato. [ Method ] According the climatic conditions required by high yield of potato planting, utilizing climatic data including temperatures, rainfall, sunshine, relative humidity and so on of 16 representative stations in qiandongnan state during 1961 -2009, analyzed the pros and cons of related meteorological factors during the period of potato growth by Contrast Analysis, found the climatic factors impacting the yield formation of potato in this area. [ Result] The sunshine hours a day is deficient on potato growing Period (only 2.5-3.3 h/d ) , which is the sunshine factor confined the yield formation, and the temperature factor confined the potato yield is that daily mean air temperature is equal or greater than 20t and daily mean ground temperature is equal or greater than 22℃ appeared often which made the potato growing period shorter, and dailyrange is mostly equal or less than 10 ℃ during potato growth, which is disadvantage to potato dry matter accumulating, and the rain and moisture factor restricted the potato yield is that the rainfall in potato anthesis is deficient, and drought appears often in potato growing period, and the climate in maturation stage is wet and rainy, which result in potato diseases and insect pests. [ Conclusion ] There are many rainy days, few sunshine, big relative humidity , small diurnal temperature, meanwhile the high temperature weather often occurs and so on in the period of potato growth , which is the main climate reason restricting the potato high production.
展开▼
