From the angle of historical materialism, the farmers livelihoods under different geographic environments in Ming, Qing and Recent dynasty were discussed, such as the drought life in loess area, water business beside the river; and many kinds of businesses in the desertification area.%以唯物主义历史观的视角,论述了明、清及近代不同地貌环境下农家生计,如黄土台塬上的旱作生计,河谷川滩旁的水利营生,沙漠地带的多种经营.
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