On the basis of definition of agricultural plant genetic resources, this paper takes the two most important forms of intellectual property protection regarding agricultural plant genetic resources-patent rights and new plant variety rights as an example, to expound the current situation of intellectual property protection of agricultural plant genetic resources in China. It reveals the problems of intellectual property protection as follows: the awareness of intellectual property protection of agricultural plant genetic resources is weak; the system of laws and regulations is not sound; the system is not perfect; the management system lacks standardization, ft further puts forward corresponding counter-measures and suggestions as follows: promote the protection awareness of agricultural plant genetic resources in whole society; enact special law system to protect agricultural plant genetic resources; improve the management system of agricultural plant genetic resources; strengthen the international protection of agricultural plant genetic resources in China.%在对农业植物遗传资源进行界定的基础上,以农业植物遗传资源最重要的2种知识产权保护形式——专利权和植物新品种权为例,阐述了我国农业植物遗传资源的知识产权保护现状,揭示了知识产权保护中存在的问题,主要是农业植物遗传资源知识产权保护意识淡薄,法律法规体系不健全,制度不完善,管理体制不规范.并提出相应的对策建议:提高全社会对农业植物遗传资源的保护意识；设立专门的法律制度保护农业植物遗传资源；完善农业植物遗传资源的管理体制;加强我国农业植物遗传资源的国际保护.
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