[目的]探索华北地区冬小麦不同种植方式下土壤水分的动态变化规律.[方法]以冬小麦济麦20为材料,按平作、平作覆盖秸秆、起垄覆盖地膜3种种植方式,用中子水分仪测定冬小麦田不同土壤深度的水分变化.[结果]结果表明,3种种植方式下0~30 cm土壤层田间水分变化均呈现"先降后升再降再升"的W型变化.不同处理的土壤水分含量在灌溉后下降幅度是平作>垄膜>秸秆覆盖;冬小麦拔节期～灌浆期,土壤水分含量高低顺序是秸秆覆盖>垄覆膜>平作.在冬小麦的全生育期,30~60 cm土壤水分含量均是秸秆覆盖>平作>起垄覆膜,60~90 cm土壤水分动态变化呈下降趋势.[结论]秸秆、塑料薄膜覆盖均有良好的保持土壤表层水分作用,30~60 cm的土壤水分变化幅度较大.降水及灌溉对土层中层土壤水分影响较大,而降水及灌溉水不易影响下层土壤水分(60~90 cm).为华北地区的农业干旱监测调控提供了理论依据.%[Objective] The research aimed to explore the soil water dynamics of winter wheat under different planting patterns in North China. [Method] With Jimai 20 of winter wheat as the materials and the flat-planting, covering flat-planting with straw mulching and covering bed-planting with flim mulching patterns as cropping patterns, the water changes of different soil depth in winter wheat fields were determined by neutron moisture meter. [Result] The results showed that the amount of soil water storage from 0-30 cm deep soil profile emerged W-type changes under three cropping patterns. The soil water content of different treatments after irrigation was the flat-planting> covering bed-planting with flim mulching>straw mulching. The soil water content from jointing stage to filling stage was straw mulching>covering bed-planting with flim mulching> the flat-planting. During the whole growth period of winter wheat, 30-60 cm soil water content was straw mulching>the flat-planting>covering bed-planting with flim mulching, and 60-90 cm soil water content declined. [Conclusion] Straw and plastic film mulching had the good role of soil surface moisture, and 30-60 cm of soil moisture changed in larger. Rainfall and irrigation influenced the middle layer of soil moisture largely and didn't affect the lower soil moisture. The research provided the theoretical basis for the agriculture drought monitoring in North China.
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