The ruminal microbiome associated with methane emissions from ruminant livestock

Ilima Tapio; Timothy J.Snelling; Francesco Strozzi; R.John Wallace

摘要

Methane emissions from ruminant livestock contribute significantly to the large environmental footprint of agriculture.The rumen is the principal source of methane,and certain features of the microbiome are associated with low/high methane phenotypes.Despite their primary role in methanogenesis,the abundance of archaea has only a weak correlation with methane emissions from individual animals.The composition of the archaeal community appears to have a stronger effect,with animals harbouring the Methanobrevibacter gottschalkii clade tending to be associated with greater methane emissions.Ciliate protozoa produce abundant H2,the main substrate for methanogenesis in the rumen,and their removal (defaunation) results in an average 11％ lower methane emissions in vivo,but the results are not consistent.Different protozoal genera seem to result in greater methane emissions,though community types (A,AB,B and O) did not differ.Within the bacteria,three different ‘ruminotypes’ have been identified,two of which predispose animals to have lower methane emissions.The two low-methane ruminotypes are generally characterized by less abundant H2-producing bacteria.A lower abundance of Proteobacteria and differences in certain Bacteroidetes and anaerobic fungi seem to be associated with high methane emissions.Rumen anaerobic fungi produce abundant H2 and formate,and their abundance generally corresponds to the level of methane emissions.Thus,microbiome analysis is consistent with known pathways for H2 production and methanogenesis,but not yet in a predictive manner.The production and utilisation of formate by the ruminal microbiota is poorly understood and may be a source of variability between animals.

机译：反刍动物的甲烷排放量极大地影响了农业的环境足迹。瘤胃是甲烷的主要来源，微生物组的某些特征与低/高甲烷表型有关。尽管它们在产甲烷作用，古生菌的丰富性中起主要作用。与个别动物的甲烷排放只有很小的相关性。古细菌群落的组成似乎具有更强的作用，带有隐蔽甲烷杆菌的动物倾向于与更大的甲烷排放相关。纤毛虫原生动物产生大量的H2，主要底物对于瘤胃中的甲烷生成，去除（去除）可使体内甲烷排放平均降低11％，但结果不一致。尽管原生动物属不同，但群落类型（A，AB， B和O）没有区别。在细菌中，已经鉴定出三种不同的“瘤胃型” d，其中两种易使动物产生甲烷的排放量较低。两种低甲烷反刍动物的特征通常是产氢细菌较少.proteobacteria的含量较低以及某些拟杆菌和厌氧真菌的差异似乎与高甲烷有关瘤胃厌氧真菌产生大量的H2和甲酸，其丰度通常与甲烷的排放水平相对应。因此，微生物组分析与已知的H2产生和甲烷生成途径一致，但尚未以预测的方式进行。瘤胃微生物对甲酸盐的了解甚少，可能是动物之间变异的来源。

The ruminal microbiome associated with methane emissions from ruminant livestock

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