Impact of dietary L-arginine supply during early gestation on myofiber development newborn pigs exposed to intra-uterine crowding

Johannes Gulmann Madsen; Camilo Pardo; Michael Kreuzer; Giuseppe Bee

摘要

Background:Intra-uterine crowding (IUC) observed in hyperprolific sows impairs myofiber hyperplasia and overall fetal growth.Arginine supplementation (ARG) in gestation diets has been shown to positively affect litter and muscle development.The study objective was to assess whether the effect of ARG on offspring characteristics,with special ernphasis on myofiber hyperplasia,differs under IUC conditions from these responses,because in that situation growth retardation is particularly prevalent due to reduced fetal nutrient supply.Unilateral oviduct ligation (OL) was used as a model for an uncrowded and hyperprolificacy (IN) as a model for a crowded intra-uterine environment.Methods:Five OL and five IN sows were fed a diet supplemented daily with either 43 g L-alanine (Ctrl) or 25 g L-arginine from d 14 to 28 of gestation in a cross-over design (two periods:5th and 6th parity).At farrowing,two male and two female offspring,respectively,with a low and intermediate birth weight (BtW) were selected.After euthanization,the Semitendinosus muscle (STM) was removed and weighed,and the light and dark portions (STMd and STMI) were prepared for myofiber histochemistry using ATPase staining and the entire STM for gene expression analysis of myogenesis-related genes using RT-qPCR.In addition,various organs were removed and weighed.Data were analyzed using the MIXED model in SYSTAT.Results:No effect of either IUC or dietary treatment was found in litter characteristics.Offspring of ARG sows displayed a greater muscle area in STM (P ＜ 0.01) as a result of the greater myofiber hyperplasia (P ＜ 0.01).The increase was more distinct in the STMI (P ＜ 0.05) than in the STMd (P =0.131).Offspring of OL sows were heavier at birth (P ＜ 0.01),had a heavier STM (P ＜ 0.05),liver (P ＜ 0.01) and kidney (P ＜ 0.05),but when expressed relative to birth weight,these differences were absent.In addition,IUC had an effect (P ＜ 0.05) on the expression of one of the myogenesis-related genes investigated.Conclusions:Independent from the extent of IUC,ARG improved BtW,muscle and organ weights and myofiber hyperplasia in offspring.

机译：背景：高产母猪的宫内拥挤（IUC）会损害肌纤维增生和整个胎儿的生长。妊娠期饮食中添加精氨酸（ARG）已显示出对胎仔和肌肉发育的积极影响。后代特征的ARG，特别是对肌纤维增生的强调，在IUC条件下与这些反应有所不同，因为在这种情况下，由于胎儿营养供应的减少，生长迟缓特别普遍。单侧输卵管结扎术（OL）被用作不拥挤的模型方法：从d 14到d，每天给5头OL和5头IN母猪饲喂43 g L-丙氨酸（Ctrl）或25 g L-精氨酸。跨胎设计（28个胎龄分别为第5和第6个胎龄）中的28个。分娩时，分别有两个雄性和两个雌性后代（BtW），体重较低安乐死后，将半腱肌（STM）移出并称重，并使用ATPase染色为肌纤维组织化学准备明暗部分（STMd和STMI）用于肌纤维组织化学，并使用RT将整个STM用于与肌生成相关的基因的基因表达分析-qPCR。另外，去除各个器官并称重。使用SYSTAT中的MIXED模型分析数据。结果：未发现IUC或饮食处理对垫料特性的影响。ARG母猪的后代在STM中显示更大的肌肉面积（P ＜0.01）是肌纤维增生程度更大的结果（P ＜0.01）。相比于STMd（P = 0.131），STMI（P ＜0.05）的增加更为明显。OL母猪的后代出生时较重（P ＜0.01），较重的STM（P ＜0.05），肝脏（P ＜0.01）和肾脏（P ＜0.05），但相对于出生体重表示时，这些差异不存在。（P ＜0.05）对与肌生成相关基因之一的表达的研究。包裹体：独立于IUC的程度，ARG改善了子代的BtW，肌肉和器官重量以及肌纤维增生。

Impact of dietary L-arginine supply during early gestation on myofiber development newborn pigs exposed to intra-uterine crowding

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