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Fetal and neonatal programming of postnatal growth and feed efficiency in swine

机译：猪的胎儿和新生儿程序，关于猪的出生后生长和饲料效率

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摘要

Maternal undernutrition or overnutrition during pregnancy alters organ structure,impairs prenatal and neonatal growth and development,and reduces feed efficiency for lean tissue gains in pigs.These adverse effects may be carried over to the next generation or beyond.This phenomenon of the transgenerational impacts is known as fetal programming,which is mediated by stable and heritable alterations of gene expression through covalent modifications of DNA and histones without changes in DNA sequences (namely,epigenetics).The mechanisms responsible for the epigenetic regulation of protein expression and functions include chromatin remodeling;DNA methylation (occurring at the 5'-position of cytosine residues within CpG dinucleotides);and histone modifications (acetylation,methylation,phosphorylation,and ubiquitination).Like maternal malnutrition,undernutrition during the neonatal period also reduces growth performance and feed efficiency (weight gain:feed intake;also known as weight-gain efficiency) in postvveaning pigs by 5-10％,thereby increasing the days necessary to reach the market body-weight.Supplementing functional amino acids (e.g.,arginine and glutamine) and vitamins (e.g.,folate) play a key role in activating the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling and regulating the provision of methyl donors for DNA and protein methylation.Therefore,these nutrients are beneficial for the dietary treatment of metabolic disorders in offspring with intrauterine growth restriction or neonatal malnutrition.The mechanism-based strategies hold great promise for the improvement of the efficiency of pork production and the sustainability of the global swine industry.
机译：孕期母体营养不良或营养过剩会改变器官结构，损害产前和新生儿的生长发育，并降低猪瘦肉组织获取的饲料效率。这些不良影响可能会延续到下一代或以后。这种跨代影响的现象是被称为胎儿程序设计，是通过DNA和组蛋白的共价修饰而不改变DNA序列（即表观遗传学）而稳定和遗传地改变基因表达的媒介（即表观遗传学）。负责表观遗传调节蛋白质表达和功能的机制包括染色质重塑; DNA甲基化（发生在CpG二核苷酸内的胞嘧啶残基的5'位置）和组蛋白修饰（乙酰化，甲基化，磷酸化和泛素化）。如母亲营养不良，新生儿营养不足也会降低生长性能和饲料效率（体重增益：采食量;又称体重增加采后仔猪的营养效率提高了5-10％，从而增加了达到市场体重所需的天数。补充功能性氨基酸（例如精氨酸和谷氨酰胺）和维生素（例如叶酸）在激活哺乳动物中起着关键作用因此，这些营养素对于节育子宫内生长受限或新生儿营养不良的后代的代谢紊乱的饮食治疗是有益的。提高猪肉生产效率和全球养猪业的可持续性。

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  • 来源
    《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》 |2017年第4期|764-778|共15页
  • 作者

    Yun Ji; Zhenlong Wu; Zhaolai Dai; Xiaolong Wang; Ju Li; Binggen Wang; Guoyao Wu;

  • 作者单位

    State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;

    State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;

    State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;

    Henan Yinfa Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd., Xinzheng, Henan 451100, China;

    Henan Yinfa Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd., Xinzheng, Henan 451100, China;

    Henan Yinfa Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd., Xinzheng, Henan 451100, China;

    State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;

    Department of Animal Science and Center for Animal Genomics, Texas A&M University, Room 212, College Station, TX 77843, USA;

  • 收录信息 中国科学引文数据库(CSCD);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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