The Belt and Road Initiative is an attempt made by Chinese Government in the new era. India is especially impor-tant for the implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative as it is the largest country in South Asia. Under this background, this paper examines the characteristics and patterns of trade between China and India by calculating RCA, trade intensity in-dex, complementarity index using the relative trade data from 2002 to 2014. The results show that China has gained the com-parative advantage in labor-intensive manufacturing industries as well as machinery and transport equipment while India the comparative advantage in agricultural products, mineral resources, pharmaceutical chemicals, light industrial products. There-fore, it is more complementary than competitive in the trade structure between China and India. Consequently, the trade volume between China and India is expected to increase dramatically along with the implementation of “Belt and Road Initiative”.%选取了2002-2014年数据，运用显性比较优势指数、贸易强度指数、贸易互补性指数，对中印两国贸易结构的竞争性与互补性进行实证分析。结果表明：中国在劳动密集型轻工产品以及机械与运输设备上具有竞争优势，而印度在农产品、矿产资源类产品、医药化工、轻工产品等产品上具有竞争优势，中印的贸易互补性大于竞争性，在“一带一路”背景下，中印两国贸易空间有待进一步加大。
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