Objective:To analyze the medical service for the rural left-behind children in the northern part of Anhui,and provide the countermeasures in the healthy growth and fair health service development of children. Methods:Four hundred and thirty-seven pupils of primary school from the northern part of Anhui province were investigated by questionnaire,248 guardian and part of the grassroots medical workers were interviewed. Results:The prevalence rates in 4 weeks old left-behind children and non-left-behind children were 60. 6% and 59. 3%,respectively,the difference of which was not statistically significant(P>0. 05). The untreatment rate in left-behind children after illness(9. 5%) was higher than that in non-left-behind children(6. 5%)(P0.05)；留守儿童患病后未采取任何措施占9.5%，高于非留守儿童的6.5%(P<0.05)。生病未就诊原因中：14.6%的单亲留守儿童选择经济原因，高于双亲和非留守儿童(P<0.01)；双亲和单亲留守儿童选择“无人陪同”比例高于非留守儿童(P<0.01)。 Logistic 回归分析：独生子女、父母外出务工时间、参加医保情况、父母文化程度、家庭人口数等因素对留守儿童的卫生利用情况产生影响。结论：农村留守儿童和非留守儿童卫生需求差别不大，他们的实际就医行为比例相对较低，故应加大农村留守儿童卫生服务保障力度。
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