睾丸特异性蛋白(testis-specific protein,Y-encoded,TSPY)基因是Y染色体上编码的特异性基因.在人类中,TSPY主要在胎儿和成人睾丸中表达,在胎儿和新生儿发育期间,其表达仅局限于生殖母细胞和前精原细胞中,在成人睾丸中其表达限于精原细胞、初级精母细胞和球形精子细胞.TSPY也在前列腺上皮细胞中微弱表达.TSPY已被归类为在特定器官(睾丸)中高表达的组织富集基因,且在其他组织中不表达或以低水平表达.大量研究发现TSPY基因在人类众多的肿瘤中均特异性表达,揭示出TSPY基因与人类肿瘤的形成过程有着密切的联系.总结阐述TSPY基因在肿瘤形成过程中的功能及其可能的作用机制,旨在对性别依赖性肿瘤的基础研究提供科学参考.%Testis-specific protein,Y-encoded(TSPY)gene is a specific gene which is located and encoded on Y chromosome.In hu-mans,TSPY is mainly expressed in fetal and adult testis,where its expression is limited to gonocytes and prespermatogonia during fetal and neonatal development,and restricted to spermatogonia,primary spermatocytes and round spermatids in adult testis.TSPY is also expressed,although much more weakly,in epithelial cells of the prostate gland.TSPY has been classified as a tissue-enriched gene that is highly expressed in a specific organ(testis)and is not expressed,or is expressed at much lower levels,in other tissues.It was found in a large number researches that specific expression of TSPY gene exists in many human tumors, which revealed a fact that TSPY gene is closely related to the formation of human tumors.The function and possible mechanism of TSPY gene in the process of tumor formation will be discussed in order to provide scientific reference for the basic research of sex -dependent tumors.
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