氨氮是河流等淡水资源有机污染的主要污染指标之一.生物脱氮具有低成本、高效、无二次污染和易操作等优点,极具发展前景.重点概述了水体净化系统中新型脱氮微生物的种类及研究进展,介绍了厌氧氨氧化、短程硝化-反硝化和分段进水生物脱氮等高效节能新工艺的工艺原理.%Ammonia nitrogen is one of the main pollution indicators of organic pollution in freshwater resources such as rivers. Biological nitrogen removal is very promising, because of low-cost, high efficiency, no secondary pollution. This paper makes focus on the species and progress of new type functional microorganisms in polluted water purification systems. The principles of three new crafts such as anaerobic ammonia oxidation ( ANAMMOX) , shortcut nitrification denitrification ( SCND) , and step feed biological nitrogen and phosphate removal ( SFBNR) , which are high efficient with low energy costing, were also introduced.
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