Objective To analyze the characteristics of the main inhaled allergens in patients suspicious of allergic rhinitis (AR) with skin prick test,and provide reference for the management of AR.Methods Skin prick test was performed on patients with typical symptoms of allergic rhinitis in Beijing Tongren hospital from Jan.1,2011 to Jul.31,2013.The result of the test in different people was compared.Results ①Of the 2 598 patients,2 292 (88.2％) had positive result with clinical significanceo ②The most common four allergens in patients with allergic rhinitis were Dermatophagoides farina (43.1％),Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (37.6％),Blaterlia Germanica (32.6％) and Mugwort (26.6％).Most of the patients were female,but there was no significant difference in the positive rate between the genders.③Patients with single positive allergen (18.0％),dual positive allergens (22.6％) and triple positive allergens (19.4％) were the most common.The patients before adult had low positive rate in single positive allergen group.④ There were two peaks for the number of patients from April to June and from August to September respectively.⑤ In single positive allergen group,the Blaterlia Germanica has a much higher positive rate (31.6％).⑥ The positive rates of dust mites varied in different age groups.Conclusion Dermatophagoides farina,Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus,Blaterlia C ermanica and Mugwort are the most common four allergens in patients with allergic rhinitis,different age groups and months had different allergen distributions.%目的 回顾性分析可疑过敏性鼻炎(allergic rhinitis,AR)病人进行皮肤点刺试验(skin prick test,SPT)后吸入性变应原特征,为AR的临床诊疗提供帮助.方法 对2011年1月1日至2013年7月31日就诊于首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院的北京地区2 598例具有AR典型症状的病人进行皮肤点刺试验,分析比较不同病人变应原检测结果差异.结果 ①在2 598例可疑过敏性鼻炎受试者中,有2 292例(88.2％)病人至少对一种变应原有临床意义上的阳性.②在AR病人中,SPT检测阳性率前4位的变应原依次为:粉尘螨(43.1％)、屋尘螨(37.6％)、德国小蠊(32.6％)、艾蒿(26.6％).就诊病人中女性居多,但SPT检测阳性率在性别间差异无统计学意义.③SPT检测阳性受试者中,单一变应原阳性(18.0％)、双重变应原阳性(22.6％)、三重变应原阳性(19.4％)占多数,未成年病人单一变应原阳性率较低.④AR就诊人数在4～6月和8～9月迎来两个高峰.⑤在单一变应原阳性病人中,德国小蠊阳性检出率(31.6％)远大于其他变应原.⑥粉尘螨、屋尘螨在不同年龄段变应原阳性检出率差异有统计学意义.结论 粉尘螨、屋尘螨、德国小蠊、艾蒿是北京地区AR病人的主要变应原,变应原存在年龄及时间差异.
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