Based on the meteorological observation data and rice yield data from 44 meteorological stations in a very cold region—Heilongjiang province,the growth season(from May to September) was divided into 15 research periods and each research period included ten days,By introducing the daily average air temperature,minimum air temperature and maximum air temperature and using mathematical statistics method,temporal distribution characteristics and mutation characteristics of three temperature factors was investigated,and the correlation between temperature and rice yield was analyzed.Results showed that the air temperature rose in each research period of the growth period in the study area from 1980 to 2014,and the minimum air temperature increased significantly.The air temperature raised quickly in the period between May and June,and minimum air temperature and maxi mum air temperature increased non-symmetrically.The air temperature factors mutated in mid-May,late-May,late-June,early-July,mid-July,mid-September and late-September during 1980 to 2014,mutation occurred mainly from the late 1980s to the early 21st century,the air temperature changed dramatically,it increased 1.2 ～ 2.2 ℃ after the mutation.During the study period,correlation between the air temperature factors and rice yield was significant in many research periods of the growth season in the study area(P ＜ 0.01,P ＜ 0.05),and the correlation was the most from May to July,the minimum air temperature was very significantly correlated to the rice yield.The correlation between the air temperature of single factor and rice yield was positively significant in the different research period during 1980 to 2014,which showed that the air temperature was favorable to rice yield and leaded to rice yield increasing.The each air temperature increased 1℃,rice yield increased 307 ～ 7 222 kg/hm-2.%利用高寒区——黑龙江省44个气象观测站1980-2014年气象资料和水稻单产资料,以旬为时间单元将生长季(5-9月)划分为15个研究时段,引入日平均气温、最低气温、最高气温3个温度因子,采用数理统计方法,研究温度三因子的时间变化趋势和突变特征,并构建温度因子与水稻产量的相关关系.结果表明:①1980-2014年间,研究区作物生长季内各研究时段温度三因子随时间总体以升高为主,其中最低气温升温显著.5-6月是温度升高较快时期,升温形势表征为最低气温与最高气温升温显著不对称.②1980-2014年间,5月中旬至下旬、6月下旬至7月中旬、9月中旬至9月下旬有气温因子发生突变,突变主要发生在1980年代末至21世纪初,突变后升温剧烈,升幅为1.2～2.2℃.③研究期间,研究区水稻生长季内大部研究时段的温度因子与水稻单产相关显著(P＜0.01,P＜0.05),5-7月是温度三因子与水稻单产相关最显著的时间段,其中最低气温与水稻单产相关最显著.④1980-2014年间,在不同研究时段内,温度单因子均与水稻单产呈正相关,表明在一定温度范围内,温度对产量的影响为正效应.温度各因子每升高1℃,水稻单产升高幅度为307～722 kg/hm2.
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