美国是国际上开展以城市规划和土地利用政策作为防灾减灾手段研究较早的国家之一，美国减灾实践证明土地利用政策的防灾减灾效果十分明显。通过文献梳理、归纳和总结，美国防灾减灾“规划软措施”的经验主要为：①从制度上把防灾减灾作为各级政府的一项日常任务确定下来，并对减灾责任进行明确的划分；②地质灾害防治“规划软措施”在法律法规中得到了确立和强化，重视灾前减灾和防灾规划；③重视地质调查局、规划协会等职能部门的联合防灾机制的建设，确保地质灾害信息有效服务于土地利用防灾政策；④注重GIS、监测、通讯等先进技术的应用，构建地质灾害信息数据库，实现信息共享。文中最后提出了对我国地质灾害防治的几点启示。%American is one of the earliest countries to carry out research on disaster prevention and mitigation by means of urban planning and land use policy.American disaster reduction practice proved that the effect of land use policy of disaster prevention and mitigation is very obvious.Through literature review,inductive and summary, the experience of planning soft measures of disaster prevention and mitigation basically concluded as the following four aspects.① Determining systematically the disaster prevention and reduction as a daily task of governments at all levels,and defined clearly the responsibilities of disaster mitigation.②Establishing and strengthening the plan-ning soft measures of geological disaster prevention and control in the laws and regulations,attaching great impor-tance to the pre-disaster reduction and disaster prevention plan.③Attaching great importance to the construction of disaster prevention joint mechanism in the functional departments such as geological survey,planning association and so on,and ensure the service of geological disaster information in the land use disaster prevention policy effec-tively.④ Pay attention to the application of advanced technology such as GIS,monitoring,communication,con-structing the geological disaster information database,realize information sharing.Several suggestions for prevention and control of geological disasters in China are finally put forward.
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