通常光测法、摄像法、裂缝显微镜法仅能测量已有旧裂缝的宽度,超声波法和冲击弹性波法仅能测量裂缝的深度,声发射、传感器法和光纤传感网络法可测量正在发生的裂缝.当对于已有裂缝在荷载作用下的动态变化目前还没有一种行之有效的测量方法.为此利用双悬臂梁和应变原理研制成功一种新型裂缝计,可准确测量结构、构件表面已有裂缝在荷载作用下裂缝开合大小或表面动态应变.该仪器具有抗振动干扰的特点,即被测点的振动不产生电量输出,仅在被测裂缝开合或混凝土表面产生应变时才有输出.该裂缝计已获得国家专利.该裂缝计已在哈尔滨、佳木斯等几个桥梁的裂缝检测中得到应用,获得理想的效果,得到铁道部好评.论文介绍了裂缝计的结构原理和技术性能.%Optical measurement, camera method and microscopic crack method could generally only measure the existing cracks width, over speed acoustic and impact elastic wave method could only measure the depth of crack acoustic emission, sensors and fiber-optic sensor network could measure current occurring cracks. There is no efficient method to detect dynamitic change of existing cracks under load. A new type of crack meter is introduced. The crack meter leverages double cantilever and contingency principle to accurately measure the size of the opening and closing and surface dynamitic strain of existing cracks on structure and components surface under load. The meter is anti-vibration, i. e. , the vibration on measure point doesn't output electricity, the output only happens when the crack opens and closes or strain occurs on concrete surface. The crack meter is patented nationally. The meter has applied to bridge crack detection in Harbin and Jiamusi with good results and favorable comment from railway bureau. Structure principal and technical performance of the crack meter are proposed.
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