The metallographic structure of high-carbon ferrochrome (HCFC) cooled in furnace, air atmosphere and water bath respectively were investigated by means of optic microscope, X-ray diffractometer and electronic probe analyzer. The results show that HCFC is mainly composed of primary phase (Cr,Fe)7C3, eutectic phase (Cr,Fe)7C3-CrFe and graphite phase, which is independent of cooling rate. With the improvement of cooling rate, the grain size of primary phase decreases gradually, while its mass fraction shows an increasing trend. The growth of primary phase grain for water-cooled sample is perpendicular to the solidification interface, but that of primary phase grain for furnace-cooled and air-cooled samples has not fixed direction. Due to the non-equilibrium solidification in air-cooled and water-cooled conditions, the formation of peritectic phase (Cr,Fe)23C6 is restrained along with the precipitation of eutectic phase (Cr,Fe)23C6-CrFe. Flake graphite phase is discovered in primary phase and eutectic phase of furnace-cooled specimen as well as eutectic zone of air-cooled and water-cooled specimens. As the cooling rate increases, the mass ratio of Cr to Fe in (Cr,Fe)7C3 gradually declines, while that for (Cr,Fe)23C6, CrFe goes up, and the distribution of other impurity elements such as Si, Mn and Ti in main phases is hardly affected by cooling rate.%采用光学显微镜、X线衍射仪和电子探针分别对随炉冷却、空气冷却和水浴冷却的高碳铬铁金相组织进行研究。研究结果表明：不同冷却速率下获得的高碳铬铁均主要由初生相(Cr,Fe)7C3、共晶相(Cr,Fe)7C3-CrFe及石墨相组成；随着冷却速率的提高，初生相晶粒逐渐减小，但其质量分数趋于增大；水冷样品的初生相晶粒垂直于凝固界面生长，而炉冷、空冷样品的初生相晶粒无固定生长方向；非平衡凝固抑制了空冷、水冷过程中包晶相(Cr,Fe)23C6的析出，却促进了共晶相(Cr,Fe)23C6-CrFe的形成。炉冷样品的初生相和共晶区中均有片状石墨相析出；而空冷、水冷样品仅共晶区中有片状石墨相析出；随着冷却速率的提高，(Cr,Fe)7C3中Cr和Fe的质量比逐渐减小，而(Cr,Fe)23C6, CrFe中Cr和Fe的质量比呈现相反的变化趋势；Si，Mn和Ti等杂质元素在高碳铬铁物相中的掺杂量与冷却速率无明显关系。
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