The manual detection of train wheel has the problem of low efficiency,low accuracy,and high labor intensi-ty. In order to solve these problems, a train wheel diameter in-orbit detection method is proposed. In this method, photoelectric switch is used as the system trigger sensors and high-precision speed sensor is used as train speed error compensation sensors. High-precision laser displacement sensors and high-speed synchronous sampling techniques are ad-opted to achieve the in-orbit dynamic detection of train wheel diameter. In this paper,firstly,the characteristics of the train geometry and testing requirements are described. Then, the detection principle and system components are intro-duced through mathematical model. Finally,the system error is analyzed. The results show that the system has charac-teristics of high accuracy, high reliability, and strong anti-interference ability other, which can achieve multiple times sampling when the train passes by.%针对轨道列车用轮对直径人工检测方式的低效率、低精度、高劳动强度等缺陷，提出了一种列车轮对直径在轨动态检测方式。该方式采用光电开关作为系统触发传感器，通过高精度速度传感器作为列车速度误差补偿传感器，利用高精度激光位移传感器、高速同步采样技术实现对列车轮对直径的在轨动态检测。本文首先阐述了列车几何外形特点及检测要求，其次通过数学模型介绍了本系统的检测原理与系统组成，最后对系统进行了误差分析。结果表明，该系统具有精度高、可靠性强、抗干扰能力强等特点，并能实现对列车通过时的多次采样。
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