Multiple system vertical detection method is used in traditional passive ranging system adopts, which has the disadvantage of complexity, high cost and poor mobility.In order to solve this problem, a monostation passive optical ranging method is proposed, with the method of passive detection target, reasonably use the principle of catadioptric target detection,and solve the angle and distance information between the probe and the target according to the coordi-nate system,realize the monostation range detection of the target. Through the analysis of error theory,turntable stable accuracy and the distance between the mirror and the optical system are the main factors affecting the accuracy of de-tection distance, the closer and detection range, the higher positioning accuracy, the maximum error appeared in the limit of detection range.The system is simple and easy to use, good mobility, is a kind of applicable passive ranging system.%传统被动式测距系统采用多系统立体式探测方法，具有机构复杂、造价高和机动特性差等缺点。为了解决此问题，提出单站被动式光学测距方法，采用被动探测目标的方式，利用折反射原理对目标进行二次探测，并根据坐标系解算探测器与目标的角度和距离信息，实现对探测目标的单站测距。通过误差理论分析：影响探测距离精度的主要因素有转台稳定精度、反射镜与光学系统间距；且探测距离越近，定位精度越高；最大误差出现在极限探测距离处。该系统简单易用、移动性好，是一种适用的被动式测距系统。
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