Many problems still existed in the assessment methodologies of economic benefit of railway proj ects in China,as the methodologies can not fully cover the scope of benefits generated by the proj ect,and some pa-rameters are difficult to measure,hindering the rapid development of the current railway industry,especially the high-speed railways.Through the analysis of the benefit formation mechanism,the economic benefits of new railway proj ects were divided into net-increase benefit and net-saving benefit.The combined effect theory and with-without comparison method were used to study and calculate the two benefits,respectively.Then all the calculated indexes were monetized and summed as the national economy benefit.Finally,the newly-built Nanchang-Ganzhou Railway line was used as an example for calculation process demonstration.The new nation-al economy benefit measurement method presented in this paper can provide a new scientific basis for the eco-nomic decision-making of the new railway proj ects,and provides a reference for the development of reasonable investment and financing plans for the construction of railway proj ects.Furthermore,the method,with certain theoretical and practical significance,is applicable to other important national infrastructure and proj ects relat-ed to people’s livelihood.%我国铁路建设项目经济效益评估方法存在无法完全涵盖项目产生的效益范围、部分参数指标难以计量等问题，难以适应当前铁路行业尤其是高速铁路的快速发展。通过分析效益形成机理，将新建铁路项目经济效益分为净增长效益与净节省效益两部分，采用集聚效应理论研究、计量净增长效益，采用有无对比研究、计量净节省效益，将各计量内容货币化、求和后作为项目可带来的国民经济效益，最后以昌赣线为例进行算例分析。本文提出的国民经济效益计量方法可为新建铁路项目经济决策提供新的解决思路，为铁路项目经济建设制定合理的投融资方案提供参考，对评估其他国家基础设施和民生工程项目，具有一定的理论和实践意义。
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