以三维多层货物装载布局问题为研究对象,结合货物运输安全特征,综合考虑装载货物合重心、总重量、总体积、车辆边界及货物之间不干涉等约束因子,以最大化承载车辆标记载重量和有效容积综合利用率为优化目标,建立一车多件货物装载布局优化模型.为保证货物布局的平整性和平衡性,提出基于人工装载经验的s中心骨架、带已布物群约束的布局、形状相似的概念,采用空间合并、融合、小块预留技术,在构造待布空间的匹配货物集、中心骨架及其移动策略的基础上设计一车多件货物装载布局优化算法.实例表明:所提出的模型和算法能快速制定合理的三维多层货物装载布局方案,有效运用承载车辆,满足货物运输安全的要求.%Taking loading and packing of 3-dimensional multi-story freights into one car as the research object, combining with features of freight transportation safety and comprehensive constraint factors such as the freight centre of gravity, total weight, total volume, cars' border & no cross among freights and taking maximizing the nominal load capacity and the comprehensive utilization rate of the available capacity of the car as the objective functions, the optimizing model of loading and packing multi-piece freights into one car was put forward. In consideration of smoothness and balance of the freight layout, the s central framework based on human thinking, layout with restriction of goods laid out and shape similarities were introduced. Through using techniques of space combination, amalgamation and small room reserve and constructing the matched freights set and mobile of the central framework, the algorithms for the model was designed. The instance demonstrates that the model and algorithms can help to make the reasonable plan of loading and packing 3-dimensional multi-story freights into one car quickly, in which the load-carryoing car is utilized efficiently and the requirements for transportation safety are met.
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