A new probobility function that describes the distribution of the scientific productivity isdeveloped and investigated. Some properties and theory of the new distribution are presented and theproblem of estimating the parameters in the new distributon is considered. Three effective estimators areprovided. In order to verify the new distribution, an empirical study about distributions of scientific pro-ductivity in Chinese universities is given. Under these arguments (a) the distribution of the R&D capa-bility (measured by the number of papers cited by SCI)in Chinese universitites appears nice property ofregularity, conforming to the usual law; (b)the new distribution shows theoretical and practical value instudying the distribution of the scientific productivity.%本文提出了一种刻划科学生产率的新分布函数，并使用新分布对科研能力在中国各大学中的分布作了数量分析。该分布函数主要应用于情报科学和科学学的计量工作中。本文还提出了估计新分布参数的三种有效方法。结果表明：(1)科研能力(以SCI中收录的论文量为指标)在中国大学中的分布具有良好的正规性质，符合一般规律；(2)新分布是一种研究科学生产率分布的有效的分析工具，具有理论和应用价值。
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