Objective To investigate the clinical features of acute schistosomiasis in China,and to improve the understanding of this disease among clinicians.Methods CNKI was searched with "acute schistosomiasis" as a key word for Chinese articles published from January 2000 to December 2016 to conduct a retrospective analysis of clinical studies on acute schistosomiasis in China.Results A total of 26 clinical studies with 1380 patients with acute schistosomiasis were included.Hubei had the highest number of patients (656 patients),followed by Sichuan with 312 patients,Hunan with 154 patients,Anhui with 154 patients,Yunnan with 51 patients,Jiangxi with 24 patients,Jiangsu with 19 patients,and Zhejiang with 10 patients.Most of the patients were school-aged children and young adults.All patients had a clear contact history of infected water,and the onset time was mainly summer and autumn.Clinical features included pyrexia [1256 (91.0％)],diarrhea [766 (55.5％)],cough [650 (47.1％)],abdominal pain [538 (39.0％)],fear of cold [410 (29.7％],stool with blood and pus [309 (22.4％)],abdominal distension [182 (13.2％)],headache [50 (3.6％)],and cercarial dermatitis [48 (3.5％)].Laboratory examination showed leukocytosis [885 (64.1％)] and eosinophilia [998 (72.3％)],microscopic examination of stool found Schistosoma eggs or blood fluke miracidia in 901 patients (65.3％),serum immunological detection showed positive results in 639 patients (46.3％),and ultrasound examination showed splenomegaly in 635 patients (46.0％).Conclusion Clinicians should consider the possibility of acute schistosomiasis for patients with a contact history of epidemic area who experience pyrexia,abdominal pain,and eosinophilia.%目的 分析我国急性血吸虫病的临床特点,以提高临床医师对该疾病的认识.方法 通过中国知网以“急性血吸虫病”为主题词,对2000年1月-2016年12月期间发表的中文文献进行检索,回顾性分析我国急性血吸虫病相关临床研究文献.结果 共纳入26篇临床研究,1380例急性血吸虫病患者.感染病例数由高到低依次分布于湖北(656例)、四川(312例)、湖南(154例)、安徽(154例)、云南(51例)、江西(24例)、江苏(19例)、浙江(10例)等省份,感染人群以学龄期儿童及青壮年为主,均有明确的疫水接触史,发病时间集中于夏秋季.临床特征有发热[1256 (91.0％)]、腹泻[766(55.5％)]、咳嗽[650(47.1％)]、腹痛[538(39.0％)]、畏寒[410(29.7％)]、脓血便[309(22.4％)]、腹胀[182(13.2％)]、头痛[50(3.6％)]、尾蚴性皮炎[48(3.5％)]等症状.实验室表现包括感染患者白细胞[885(64.1％)]和嗜酸性粒细胞[998(72.3％)]增多,粪便显微镜下可找到虫卵、毛蚴[901(65.3％)]和(或)血清免疫学检测阳性[639(46.3％)],超声检查提示肝脾肿大[635(46.0％)].结论 临床医生对于有血吸虫疫区接触史的发热、腹痛、嗜酸性粒细胞增多患者,应考虑感染急性血吸虫病可能.
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