目的 探究新生儿流行性感冒的临床特点、实验室检查、治疗及预后.方法 回顾分析2015年1月至2017年5月期间诊断为流行性感冒的16例住院新生儿临床资料.结果 16例患儿中,男11例、女5例,平均年龄(18.0 ± 8.9)d;12例发病前曾接触有"感冒"症状的家人;11例有鼻塞,10例发热,10例咳嗽,8例流涕;流感抗原快速检测(胶体金法)均为阳性;流感抗原免疫荧光检测15例,仅1例阳性;13例痰细菌培养,8例阳性;12例合并肺炎;均使用抗生素,2例使用神经氨酸酶抑制剂;均治愈出院.结论 对有感冒接触史,且有鼻塞、发热、咳嗽、流涕的新生儿,应及早行流感检查;流感抗原的免疫荧光法敏感性远低于胶体金法;新生儿流行性感冒易合并肺炎,预后良好.%Objective To investigate the clinical features, laboratory diagnostics, treatments, and prognosis of neonates infected with influenza. Methods The clinical data of 16 neonates diagnosed as influenza admitted to the neonatal ward from January 2015 to May 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Results Of the 16 neonates, 11 were male and 5 were female. Mean age was 18.5 days. 75% (12/16) of them were reported to be exposed to family members with common cold- like symptoms before hospitalization. Clinical manifestations included nasal obstruction (11/16), fever (10/16), cough (10/16), and rhinorrhea (8/16). Influenza antigen rapid detection (colloidal gold method) was positive in all cases. Influenza immunofluorescence assays were performed in 15 cases, only 6.67% (1/15) was positive. Sputum culture was performed in 13 cases, 8 of which were positive. Of them, 75% (12/16) neonates were diagnosed with pneumonia. Only 12.5% (2/16) neonates were treated with neuraminidase inhibitor. All cases recovered well and were discharged after antibiotic treatment. Conclusions Neonates contacted with family members displaying common cold-like symptoms should be examined for influenza in time. The common clinical manifestations include catarrhal symptoms, fever and cough. The sensitivity of the influenza immunofluorescence assay is lower as compared with the colloidal gold method. Pneumonia may often be developed in neonatal influenza. The prognosis of neonatal influenza is satisfactory if treated.
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