In this paper,we review the two major types of the near-field EM environments,i. e. the bound-ed fields and the evanescent state. The bounded fields contains the static field( attenuated by the law of r-3 ) and the induced field( attenuated by the law of r-2 );and the evanescent state contains an evanescent plane wave spectrum,which is very rapidly attenuated away from the source( exponentially) . In this arti-cle,the bounded fields was also called the evanescent-state like fields. Recently,in these two situations it has been discovered that the EM-waves travel at superluminal velocity in free space. And furthermore,ex-perimental observation of the free space negative wave velocity was presented. In recent years,based on the several experiments,we can conclude that experimental dataes do not support the validity of the stand-ard retardation constraint( v = c ) generally accepted in respect to bound fields. According to the observa-tion of no retardation inside the near zone of the antenna,the experimental evidence for nonlocal proper-ties of bound EM fields is reported. Some of that retardation parameter v for bound fields highly exceeds the velocity of light,i. e. v≥10c . Due to the nonlocality is the concept of Quantum Mechanics(QM),the nonlocal characteristics of bound fields promise to shed a new light on a possible close relationship between classical electromagnetism and the QM. In direction of practical application,we review the technology of transfer from the radiating near-field measurement dataes to the radiating far-field. It contains the method of plane-waves spectrum( PWS) and the method of microwave network scattring matrix. We also described the developments of the near-field microwave microscope. But we emphasize the new phenomenon which discovered in the near-field tests, gives several theoretical relations in pair. The quantum explanation can use on the near-field superluminal behaviors and the theoretical study must to use the idea of“evanescent states are virtual photons”. In this paper,the inner waves obtained in near-field of free space are important,especially it don’ t needs the a-nomalous dispersion tests and the LHM meta-materials. Finally,we must use the loop-antenna in near-field experiment in the future.%讨论了近场的两类基本电磁环境———束缚场与消失态；前者包含静态场(按r-3规律衰减)和感应场(按r-2规律衰减)；后者包含消失平面波谱，当离源的距离增大时指数地急速下降。束缚场在本文中称为类消失场。近年来两者都发现了电磁波在自由空间以超光速传播的现象，实验上还进一步观察到负波速。由最近几年的实验，对束缚场而言结果并不支持普遍认为的以光速( v = c)迟滞传播的观点；根据对天线近区内无迟滞现象的观测，提供了束缚电磁场的非局域性的实验证据，有的实验甚至达到了高度超光速，即v≥10c。非局域性是一个量子力学概念，故束缚场的非局域特性可能在经典电磁学与量子力学之间建立紧密联系。在实际应用方面，论述了从辐射近场测量数据转换到辐射远场的技术，包括平面波谱( PWS)法和微波二端口网络散射矩阵法。此外还叙述了与近场微波显微镜发展的有关问题。但本文强调在近场测量中发现的新现象，给出了理论上的多个对偶关系。讨论了近场超光速现象的量子解释，认为应从理论上应用“消失态是虚光子”的思想。本文提出应当重视的一个研究领域是：在不使用反常色散和LHM超材料的近场条件下获得的在自由空间的内向波。最后指出了使用环天线做进一步实验的必要性。
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