Though PUF is a new concept in recent years, since it has application prospect for the security of system authentication and key generation, it has become a hot research topic in the field of hardware security. In order to get the whole picture of physical unclonable function for better application in the future research work, first, based on the the different PUF implementations available, this paper classified the detailed design, and summed up the main problems. Then based on these categories, this paper proposed a non-formal property description. Next, from the point of view of cryptographic applications, this paper summarized the PUF application. Finally, this paper pointed out a few meaningful PUF future research directions.%尽管物理不可克隆函数(PUF)是近年来刚刚提出的概念,但由于它在系统认证和密钥生成等安全方面的潜在应用前景,已成为硬件安全领域研究的一个热门话题.为了系统得到PUF的全貌,以便在以后的研究和开发中更好地理解和应用PUF.首先,根据迄今为止研究人员提出的PUF的各种不同实现方法,分类概括出其详细的设计,并总结出当前仍然面临的一些问题；然后,综合这些不同的设计和实现方法的定义,归纳出覆盖PUF共同特性的属性集并讨论了其各自的内涵；最后,从密码学应用的角度,讨论了PUF的应用方向,并展望了关于PUF未来的几个有意义的研究方向.
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