随着内蒙古地区矿产资源开发力度的加强，生态脆弱的草原地区出现的各种生态环境问题严重影响了当地经济发展和生态建设。选择内蒙古白云鄂博铁矿、准格尔煤矿、达茂旗萤石矿和苏莫查干萤石矿4个矿区作为典型研究区，利用遥感和GIS技术，选择土地毁损、植被破坏和土壤侵蚀等方面的指标，研究内蒙古矿区20多年来的土地退化特征。结果表明，矿区开发过程中道路建设对植被的破坏比较明显；被毁损的土地类型主要来源于草地；NDVI、植被覆盖度、生物量和生物丰度等指标在矿区500 m范围内的值远小于其他范围；土壤侵蚀呈由轻度向中度发展的趋势；所有指标都反映出距矿区越近土地退化越严重的特征。%Along with the intensifying of exploitation of mineral resources in Inner Mongolia, a number of ecological envi⁃ronmental problems have appeared in the already ecologically fragile grassland areas hindering seriously development of the local economy and ecological construction. A study was carried out to explore characteristics of land degradation in mining areas of Inner Mongolia in the past 20 years. Four mining areas, Bayan Obo iron ore, Zhungeer coal mine, Damao Banner fluorite and Sumoqagan fluorite, were selected as typical cases for the study. With the aid of remote sensing and GIS, land damage, vegetation destruction and soil erosion in these areas were evaluated. Results show that road construction during the development of the mining areas caused obvious damage to vegetation;grassland was the major type of land subjected damage;the indices of NDVI, coverage, biomass and bio⁃abundance within the radius of 500 m of the mining areas were much lower in value than those in other areas;and soil erosion displayed a developing trend from light to moderate. All the indices demonstrates that the closer to the mining area, the more serious the land degradation.
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