以常州武南河控制单元的COD容量分配为例,构建“污染源类型-污染源细类-排污单位”3层分配结构,逐层逐类选取多水平指标体系,以各指标初始权重和量化值乘积耦合的方法计算各分配对象的综合权重,并以此为依据进行水环境容量的逐层分配.首层分配结果:生活污染和养殖业承担污染削减的主要任务,COD削减率分别为41.6％和35.5％；次层分配结果:分散养殖削减比例(43.2％)高于集中养殖(31.5％),农村生活污染削减比例(47.3％)高于城镇生活污染(28.5％),各镇(区)种植业污染无需削减,工业污染则主要由纺织染整企业等进行重点削减；末层分配结果:各镇(区)分散养殖、集中养殖、农村生活污染、城镇生活污染的削减比例与次层保持一致,印染企业削减比例高于纺织企业.逐层分配中各分配对象的COD削减比例均低于50％,说明分配结果具有可行性.%With the Wunan River of Changzhou set as a control unit for allocation of COD capacity, a three-layer (type of pollution source-breakdown of the pollution source-pollutant discharging unit) distribution framework was constructed. A multi-level index system was selected layer by layer and type by type, and synthetic weight of each allocation object was calculated using product of initial weight and quantized value of each index. In the end, based on the synthetic weights, water environment capacity was allocated layer by layer. Results of the allocation are that domestic pollution and pollution from fish breeding and poultry raising are the two major targets for reduction, and their COD reduction rate is set by 41. 6% and 35.5%, respectively at the first layer. The pollution reduction rate should be higher for scattered fish breeding and poultry raising than for concentrated fish breeding and poultry raising. The pollution reduction rate should be higher for rural domestic sources than for urban domestic sources. No quota is set for pollution reduction for crop farming, but for industry, especially textile dyeing and finishing enterprises, which is the priority for pollution reduction at the second layer. The quotas for pollution reduction for scattered and concentrated fish breeding and poultry raising in townships and districts and for rural and urban domestic lives are set as high as at the second layer. The quotas is higher for dyeing and finishing enterprises than for textile ones at the third layer. In this allocation system, the quotas for COD reduction for all the objects are lower than 50%, indicating that the targets should be obtainable.
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