民主是推动教育现代化的必要而根本的元素.民主理念含义丰富、分歧众多,其主要共识为:民主是目的与手段的合一、精英民主与多元民主的有机融合、程序民主与实质民主的相互协调.借鉴阿玛蒂亚·森的概念,民主对于学校教育的贡献被分为两个部分,其一是建构性的,民主理念对现代学校教育的根本性影响体现在阶级的教育被改造为大众的教育;其二是工具性的,民主改变学校中权力、信息、知识供给等系列的要素配置方式,使得学校决策更为合理、资源分配更有效率.民主运用于学校的局限性主要表现在:民主自身存在选票逻辑和街头逻辑等不稳定因素;民主固有的平等主义与学校能力本位的精英主义存在冲突、大众权威与教师专业主义存在冲突;民主程序运用于未成年人的受限性.学校教育应避免民主程序的滥用.%Democracy is a necessary and essential element in promoting education modernization.The concept of democracy is rich in meaning and has many variations.T he main consensus is that democracy is the unity of purpose and means,the organic integration of elitism and pluralism,and the harmonization be-tween procedural and substantive democracies.Drawing on the concept of Amartya Sen,the contribution of democracy to school education is divided into two parts:the constructive influence of democratic ideas on modern school education,w hich is reflected in the transformation of classified education into the public education;and the instrumental influence of democracy on the allocation of elements in schools such as power,information and knowledge supply,which makes school decisions more rational and resource allo-cation more efficient.The limitations of the application of democracy in schools are mainly manifested in the following aspects:the instability such as balloting logic and street logic in democracy itself;the conflict between the inherent egalitarianism of democracy and the school elitism of merit-based standard;the con-flict between public authority and teacher professionalism;and the limited application of democratic proce-dure to minors.School education should avoid abuse of democratic procedures.
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