水温是影响鱼类活动的重要因素, 鱼类繁殖、生长、发育等阶段都对水温有着不同需求.本研究基于2014-2015年4个季节的大面积调查数据, 结合 R 语言绘图技术, 采用频率和生物量两种确定温度分布范围的方法, 对小黄鱼(Larimichthys polyactis)的水温分布特征进行了分析和比较.研究结果发现: 依据频率和生物量分别确定的温度分布范围差别较大; 前者覆盖站位比例相对较高, 后者覆盖站位累积生物量比例较高; 后者在确保生物量累积比例的条件下, 某些季节也能有较高的站位覆盖比例, 如夏季和秋季; 基于生物量确定的温度范围可以更好地反映目标对象的分布特征.与历史研究结果比较, 本文的水温分布范围基本保持一致, 推断小黄鱼水温分布范围相对稳定, 本文研究结果可以反映小黄鱼的一般特征.研究过程中发现小黄鱼有两个群体, 水温和空间分布有明显差异; 一个群体分布偏北, 分布最南水域不超过舟山渔场水域; 另一个群体分布偏南, 一般分布水域处于长江口渔场以南海域.群体分布环境特征的分离可以作为种群划分的一个依据, 本文观察结果可以作为小黄鱼种群划分的一个侧面依据.研究还发现, 春、冬冷季小黄鱼资源聚集程度高, 而夏、秋暖季资源分布相对分散; 冷季群体单一,主要是越冬索饵群体; 而暖季群体复杂, 包括产卵亲体、补充群体等; 暖季出现多个高生物量水温范围, 可能与不同群体不同的温度取向相关.%Water temperature is an important factor affecting fish activities, and fish in stages such as breeding, growth, and development, have different demands in terms of water temperature. Based on survey data from four seasons in 2014 to 2015—using frequency and biomass approaches and the R language drawing technique—the water-temperature distribution characteristics of small yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena polyactis) were analyzed and compared. The results show that the ranges of temperature distribution, determined using frequency and bio-mass, were obviously different, and the proportion of the former covers a relatively high proportion of survey sta-tions, and the latter has a higher proportion of accumulated biomass. The latter is in the condition of ensuring a high biomass accumulation proportion, and can also have a higher proportion of station coverage in special sea-sons, such as summer and fall; based on the biomass to determine the temperature range can better reflect the dis-tribution characteristics of target objects. Compared with the results of historical research, the water-temperature distribution range of this paper is basically consistent, and it is concluded that the water temperature distribution range of small yellow croaker is relatively stable. The results of this paper reflect the general characteristics of P. polyactis. The results showed that there were two groups of P. polyactis, and the distribution of temperature and space of the two groups was obviously different. One group was distributed northward, and the most southern dis-tribution did not go beyond Zhoushan fishing ground; the other group was distributed southward, and the most northern distribution did not go beyond the Yangtze River-estuary fishing ground. The difference in the environ-mental characteristics of the population distributions can be used as a basis for population division. The results of this paper can be used as a side evidence for the division of P.polyactis.The results show that resource clustering in the spring and winter was higher than that in the summer and winter. The cold-season population structure was single, mainly the winter bait-chasing population, and the warm-season population structure complex, including spawning, recruitment, and other groups; the warm season appears multiple high biomass water temperature range, which may be related to different temperature preferences of the different groups.
展开▼
