通过测定建鲤(Cyprinus carpio var. jian)和黑龙江野鲤(Cyprinus carpio haermatopterus)自交和正反交组合的形态参数，运用方差分析和多元分析，比较了4个自交和正反交组合的形态差异。结果表明，不同组合间在侧线鳞、侧线上鳞、侧线下鳞、胸鳍鳍棘以及腹鳍鳍棘数量上没有显著差异(P>0.05)。而在背鳍鳍棘、背鳍鳍条、腹鳍鳍条、臀鳍鳍棘、臀鳍鳍条以及胸鳍鳍条数量上有差异(P<0.05)。聚类分析结果表明，自交组合之间的形态最为接近，两个杂交组合与两个自交组合的趋异程度逐渐增大。用判别分析方法构建了4个判别方程，判别准确率P1为76.7%~96.7%，判别准确率P2为85.2%~90.6%，综合判别率为87.5%。利用主成分分析提取了9个主成分，对总变异的累积贡献率为68.943%。研究结果为建鲤和黑龙江野鲤及其杂交后代的种群和亲缘关系鉴定以及育种提供了科学依据。%The morphological variations between common carp Cyprinus carpio var. jian, Cyprinus carpio haermatop-terus and the reciprocal F1 hybrids(Cyprinus carpio var. jian♀×Cyprinus carpio haermatopterus♂, and Cyprinus car-pio var. jian♂×Cyprinus carpio haermatopterus♀) were studied by variance analysis and by three methods of multi-variate analysis, based on their morphological characters. There were no significant differences among four groups based on the number of scales on the lateral line, scales above the lateral line, scales beneath the lateral line, spines of pectoral fins and ventral fin(P>0.05) except for the number of spines of the dorsal fin, anal fin, and soft rays of the dor-sal fin, anal fin, ventral fin and pectoral fins. The cluster results showed that the morphological traits were similar be-tween the parent fish stocks, but quite different from those of the reciprocal F1 hybrids. The discriminant functions of the four stocks were established, and the discriminatory accuracies were 76.7%-96.7%(P1)and 85.2%-90.6%(P2).The total discriminatory accuracy was 87.5%. In the principal component analysis, nine principal components were con-structed, and the cumulative contributory ratio was 68.94%. The study would be beneficial for identifying groups, and for determining genetic relationships and breeding.
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