首页> 中文期刊> 《中国水产科学》 >基于线性食物网模型估算荣成俚岛人工鱼礁区刺参和皱纹盘鲍的生态容纳量

基于线性食物网模型估算荣成俚岛人工鱼礁区刺参和皱纹盘鲍的生态容纳量

         

摘要

The Lidao reef zone is a typical artificial reef ecosystem for rare marine animal stock enhancement in the coastal sea of North China. The sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus (Selenck), and the abalone, Haliotis discus hannai, are the main enhancement species in the system. Based on the data of biological resources obtained from an investigation of the Lidao artificial reef zone in 2009, a balanced trophic model of the area was con-structed using the Ecopath with Ecosim software package. The effects of uncertainty of input parameters and Ecopath analysis sensitivity were explored. Trophic flow and system attributes of the Lidao artificial reef system were analyzed. The ecological carrying capacity for A. japonicus and H. discus hannai were also predicted. The model consisted of 19 functional groups, which covered the main trophic flow in the Lidao artificial reef ecosys-tem. The results showed that the pedigree index of the model was 0.51, and the input parameters having the great-est effects on the output parameters were the production/biomass ratios (P/B) of small demersal fish groups. A–50% change in the production/biomass ratios in small demersal fish groups gave a sensitivity of the biomass (B) of the same group from 100% to 136%. The total system throughput was estimated to be 10 786.680 t/(km2·a), 27% of which flowed to detritus and 17% of which is tranferred out of the ecosystem in the forms of fishing and sediment. Total net primary production was 4131.966 t/(km2·a) and the total energy transfer efficiency was 10.5%. The proportion of the total flow originating from detritus was 39%, and that from primary producers was 61%, indicating that the energy flow was dominated by grazing food chain. The ecological carrying capacity was de-fined as the level of enhancement that could be introduced without significantly changing the major trophic fluxes or structure of the food web. The ecological carrying capacities for A. japonicus and H. discus hannai were 309.40 t/km2 and 198.86 t/km2. This accounts for 31.72% and 26.15% of the biomass of each, respectively, meaning there is further potential for stock enhancement.%  俚岛人工鱼礁区是中国北方近海典型的海珍品增殖型人工鱼礁生态系统,刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)和皱纹盘鲍(Haliotis discus hannai)是该生态系的主要增殖放流种类.基于2009年在荣成俚岛人工鱼礁区进行的周年生物资源调查数据,利用 EWE 软件构建俚岛人工鱼礁区生态系统生态通道模型(Ecopath),对该模型进行了不确定性及输入参数敏感度检验,系统分析了俚岛人工鱼礁区生态系统特征和能量流动规律,估算了俚岛人工鱼礁区生态系统内刺参和皱纹盘鲍的生态容纳量.模型由19个功能组构成,基本涵盖了俚岛人工鱼礁区生态系统能量流动的主要过程.分析结果表明,模型可信度 P 指数为0.51,小型底层鱼类生产量与生物量的比值(P/B)下降50%会使小型底层鱼类生物量(B)估算值变化1.36,影响最大;系统总流量为10786.680 t/(km2·a),其中27%流向碎屑,17%以捕捞和沉积的形式流出系统;系统的总初级生产力为4131.966 t/(km2·a);系统的总能量转换效率为10.5%,流量中来自碎屑的比例为39%,其中的61%直接来源于初级生产者,能流通道以牧食食物链为主导;刺参和皱纹盘鲍的生态容纳量为309.4 t/km2和198.86 t/km2,目前礁区刺参和皱纹盘鲍的生物量分别占估算生态容纳量的31.72%和26.15%,仍具一定的增殖空间.

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