Integrated aquaculture is defined as the polyculture of multiple aquatic species in a waters or culture of aquatic species within, or together with, the undertaking of other productive activities. Examples of the integrated culture of rice and fish have existed in China since 1800 B.C. More recently, large scale integrated mariculture was initiated in 1975. At present, there are several dozen types of integrated aquaculture in China that offer several ecological benefits, including waste reclamation through trophic relationship, maintenance of ecological balance by complementary or commensalisms of fanned species or production systems, optimization of resource use (time, space and food), and disease prevention. Integrated aquaculture can be divided into three forms: technical integration, species integration, and system integration, which consists of two sub-groups (integration of aquatic systems and integration of aquatic and land systems).%综合水产养殖是水产养殖的重要类型,它既包括同一水体内水生生物的混养,也包括水产养殖与同一水体或邻近区域进行的其他生产活动的结合.中国的稻田养鱼始于1 800年前,大规模的海水综合养殖始于公元1975年.目前中国开展的综合养殖模式有近百种,其依据的生态学原理主要有3个:通过养殖生物间的营养关系实现养殖废物的资源化利用；利用技术措施、养殖种类、养殖系统间功能互补或偏利作用平衡水质；养殖水体资源(时间、空间和饵料等)的充分利用.综合养殖系统可分为技术措施综合、养殖种类综合和系统综合三大类,其中系统综合类又可再分为水基系统综合和水基与陆基系统综合两个亚类.
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