目的：观察不同类型打击工具的垂直抛甩状血迹形态。方法选择常见的菜刀、匕首、方锤、铁管作为打击工具。用沾新鲜鸡血5 mL的工具自上而下进行垂直抛甩，对距离垂直墙壁30 cm处形成的血迹形态进行测量分析，通过对抛甩血迹的整体分布特征（跨度、宽度、密度）、起始血迹的形态特征（长度、宽度、接触角度）进行分析。结果匕首形成抛甩血迹的分布跨度最小（P<0.05）；在整体分布宽度上，菜刀最小（P<0.05）；在整体分布密度上，除菜刀与方锤之间差异无统计学意义，其他工具两两之间差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。方锤较其他三种工具在起始血迹点长度上最长（P<0.05）；菜刀与方锤、匕首与方锤在起始血迹点宽度上差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论每一类型的打击工具所形成的垂直抛甩血迹形态具有一定的特征，可用于命案现场推断打击工具的类型。%Objective To observe the characteristics of vertical cast-off bloodstain pattern by different hitting-tools. Methods The regular hitting tools, a kitchen knife, a dirk, a plane set-hammer and an iron pipe, were selected. At a distance of 30 cmaway fromthe wall, the hitting tool with 5 mL fresh chick-en blood made the cast-off bloodstain fromtop to bottom. Then the holistic distribution characteristics ( length , width and density ) of cast-off bloodstain and morphology characteristics ( length , width and contact angle) of first single cast-off bloodstain were analyzed. Results The distribution length of cast-off bloodstain formed by dirk was minimum( P<0 .05 ) . The distribution width of cast-off bloodstain formed by kitchen knife was minimum(P<0.05). Except the pair of kitchen knife and plane set-hammer, the distribution density between each two tools had statistical differences (P<0.05). The length of first single cast-off bloodstain formed by plane set-hammer was longest compared (P<0.05). The width of first single cast-off bloodstain had statistical differences between kitchen knife and plane set-hammer, and between dirk and plane set-hammer (P<0.05). Conclusion The type of hitting tool could be inferred by the specific characteristics of cast-off bloodstain pattern formed by every specific type of hitting tool in crime scene.
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