This paper studied the sustainable development through a reasonable management of the social,economic and natural environment in a forested mountain area of northeast China. In order to show the local people how to manage their most important forest resource, we analyzed the life-history process of the key speciesand the influencing factors that were associated with the forest regeneration and sustainability. Pollination and fertilization were mainly affected by weather conditions. Light intensity under the forest canopy was the key factor thatcontrolled seedlings growth and saplings survival. Periodic seeds setting caused the fluctustions of rodents andother related animals in the food chain. Squirrels played a very important role in the forest regeneration, thesesanimals were the absolutely indispensable components of the forest ecosystem. How to understand the coevolutionary relationships among species in the forest ecosystems was very important for the conservation ofbiodiversity and maintenance of ecosystem integrity. In conservation of the natUral resources, we studied the socialand economic environment of the forested mountain area. It is very hard to effectively protect the forest resourcesand maintain the normal life of the local people under the regime of the "unified administration and enterprise system". Reforms are needed both in administrative institutions and in enterprise management. In the end, this paperproposed that we should not only protect the trees, the related animals, the ecological habitsts, and the whole forest ecosystems, but also consider the human activities and their basic requirements so as to realize a sustainabledevelopment in the forested mountain areas.
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