采用同一套常规水稻品种作为父本,分别与两套不同的不育系进行测交,得到两套测交组合(Set1和Set2).其中,Set1连续进行两季(雨季和旱季)种植试验,研究亲本材料的单株产量和抽穗期的一般配合力与特殊配合力效应.2个性状的一般配合力和特殊配合力方差均达到显著水平,表明它们受加性基因和非加性基因的共同控制.运用Griffing模型Ⅰ对一般配合力和特殊配合力方差变量进行比较分析.结果表明,在雨季时,Set2母本单株产量的一般配合力方差大于父本,特殊配合力的相对效应大于亲本一般配合力的相对效应;而在雨季和旱季时,Set1表现相反,抽穗期的特殊配合力相对效应大于亲本一般配合力效应,表明杂交后代抽穗期主要受特殊配合力效应的影响.在旱季中,母本一般配合力效应大于父本一般配合力效应;在雨季中,母本与父本一般配合力效应差异不显著.%Two sets of test crosses (Set 1 and Set 2), derived from the crosses between sixty inbred lines as its male parents and two sets of male sterile entries as female parents, respectively, were used to analyze the effects of general combining ability (GCA) and special combining ability (SCA) for yield and heading date. Set 1 was planted in two consecutive seasons (dry season, DS; wet season, WS) for the analysis. The ANOVA analysis results showed that GCA and SCA for the two traits were significantly different, respectively, meaning that GCA and SCA were co-controlled by additive genes and non-additive genes. Using Griffing Model I, variances of GCA and SCA were further estimated. In Set 2 (WS) , GCA values for grain weight per plant of female parents were higher than those of male parents, the SCA effect was higher than GCA effect of the parents; the contrary results were found in Set 1 (both in DS and WS). For heading date, GCA effect of the female parents was higher than that of male parents in dry season but no difference in wet season. The SCA effect was also higher than that of parents indicating that heading date was mainly affected by SCA. It was suggested that ecological rice breeding had to be adopted to stabilize and enhance rice yield.
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