According to the data of air pollutants in ambient air from nine air environmental monitoring stations of Nanjing ,this article uses principal component analysis in the relevant indicators of each component in the air to conduct classification analysis of the characteristics of various monitoring indicators of each sample .The results show that there are three factors which are 79 .038% of the total variance reflecting the overall level of air pollution ,and they are categorized as ① NO2 ,O3 ,O32 and SO2 ,② AQI and O3 ,③ PM10 and CO .By using principal component analysis it can accurately investigate the accurate intrinsic relationship of air pollution index and provide references for the current environmental governance .%根据从南京9个空气环境监测站所得到的空气污染物数据，在空气各成分的相关性指标中，运用主成分分析法，对各个监测样本各个特征性指标进行了分类分析，结果表明：占总方差的79．038％的3个因子来反映空气污染的总体程度，这3个因子归类分别为：①NO2、O3、O32和SO2，②AQI和O3，③PM10和CO。有主成分分析法可以准确地探讨出空气各污染指数准确的内在关系，为当下的环境治理提供一些参考和帮助。
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