The sixth generation of selective stain of Pinctada martensii with the color of black, white, red and yellow were experiment parents which are chosen one male and one female with the purest color, adopting the method of anatomy, artificial fertilization and diallel crossing to breed the next generation, establishing 6 cross combinations which include 4 self-cross groups and 12 reciprocal cross groups.The genetic regularity of four shell colors is studied to lay the foundation of the color genetic theory, in order to use the color as an effective assistant genetic mark and direct the factory seed-breeding and selective breeding of Pinctada martensii. The result shows that backcolor gene and forecolor gene, located in different place of DNA link, constitute the whole shell color together. The color-level of the seven successive generation selection is very high which could nearly entail to the next generation, but the genetic regularity is quite complicated. The yellow and the white belong to the backcolor of Pinctada martensii, and the yellow is dominance of the white, which is maternal and lethal gene when it's homozygous recessive. The black and the red belong to the recessiveness, and are co-dominance of the none one. The study on the genetic regularity of the four shell colors of Pinctada martensiicontribute to establishing its genetic theory, guiding the factory-like work of breeding and selection, when regarding the color as a valid mark.%以黑、白、红、黄4种壳色马氏珠母贝选育系F6代为亲本,选取4种壳色最纯的雌雄个体各1个,采用解剖授精法和双列杂交的方法繁育子代,建立了6个杂交组合,包括4个自交组及12个正反交组.结果表明,马氏珠母贝壳色由背景色基因和前景色基因共同表达而成,位于不同的基因位点上;经过连续7代选育的4种壳色纯化度较高,壳色可以稳定遗传给下一代,其遗传规律比较复杂.黄色和白色为马氏珠母贝的背景色,白壳色贝存在母系遗传,若为隐性纯合含致死基因,黄色相对白色为显性;黑色和红色为马氏珠母贝前景色,相对无前景色为显性,黑色与红色共显.
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