Fatigue fracture of materials and structures is one of the most common failure modes in engineering applications.Under multiaxial non proportional loading condition,a large number of materials show non proportional hardening characteristics,which results in a significant reduction of fatigue life.In this paper,a review on energy methods for multiaxial fatigue life prediction has been carried out.The energy methods are divided into three categories:energy based models without considering the loading path effect,energy based models combined with the critical plane method,and energy based models considering the loading path effect.Among these categories,energy based models considering the loading path effect are introduced in detail since they involve the non proportional hardening effect in multiaxial fatigue.
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