In order to explore the high yield and efficient cultivation pattern of winter wheat in Huanghuai wheat area, we selected 3 cultivation modes which were named T1, T2and T3integrated by sowing date and density, irrigation time, fertilizer level and method in Xinxiang county of Henan Province during2013—2014 with the local traditional cultivation mode(FM) and the non-fertilizer mode(CK) as control.We analyzed the accumulation and translocation of dry matter and nitrogen(N), and discussed the accumulation, translocation characteristics of dry matter and N, and utilization efficiency of light and heat resources.The results showed that grain yield, photothermal utilization efficiency, dry matter accumulation, translocation rate and N translocation efficiency were the highest under T2mode.Total N accumulation and N translocation under T3were highest, while N accumulation after anthesis under FM and T1were significantly higher than those under CK, T2and T3.N surplus and apparent N loss under T1showed higher than those under other modes.Correlation analysis showed that the total dry matter accumulation and N translocation after anthesis of winter wheat had significant positive correlation with the utilization of light and heat resources(P＜0.01).There had been significant positive correlation among dry matter accumulation after anthesis, total N accumulation and the utilization efficiency of light and heat resources(P＜0.05).Total dry matter accumulation, dry matter accumulation after anthesis, and N transport rate showed positive correlation with grain yield(P＜0.05).Considering the utilization efficiency of light and heat resources, grain yield, and the ratio of output to input, T2was the high-producing and efficient cultivation pattern currently.%为探寻黄淮麦区冬小麦的高产高效栽培模式,2013—2014年在河南省新乡县高产区大田,以当地传统栽培模式(FM)和全生育期不施氮肥(CK)为对照,考虑播期、播种密度、灌水次数、肥料水平及施肥方式等栽培措施,集成T1、T2、T33种栽培模式,分析了5种栽培模式下冬小麦干物质、氮素的积累和转运量,探讨了其干物质、氮素积累转运特征及光热资源利用效率.结果表明,T2模式下小麦的籽粒产量和光热资源利用效率最高,花后干物质积累量、转运量、转运率以及花后氮素转运率也均以T2模式最高;T3模式下小麦的氮素总积累量和花后氮素转运量最高,而花后氮素积累量则表现为FM、T1模式显著高于CK、T2、T3模式;T1模式的氮盈余和氮表观损失均高于其他模式.相关分析表明,冬小麦干物质总积累量和花后氮素转运量与光热资源利用效率呈极显著正相关;花后干物质积累量、氮素总积累量与光热资源利用效率呈显著正相关;干物质总积累量、花后干物质积累量、氮素转运率与籽粒产量呈显著正相关.从光热资源利用、产量和产投比来看,T2模式为当前该地区小麦生产的高产高效栽培模式.
展开▼
