汉初政治的本质，是秦政；汉初诸帝(高帝到景帝)在文化政策上，积极的作为不多。武帝即位，承担着政治改革和文化建设的双重任务。文化建设是政治改革的基础，武帝首先展开“崇儒更化”的文化建设，建元五年“置《五经》博士”，元朔五年“为博士官置弟子五十人”。董仲舒是一位思想的觉醒者，对政治改革和文化建设怀有强烈的忧患意识和承担精神。《天人三策》是西汉政治更化和文化建设的经典文献；理论对实践有重要的指导意义，这直接影响了武帝文化政策的制定和实行。《天人三策》把文化建设和政治改革紧密结合，积极主张汉家要实行儒家的德治政治，以儒家的核心价值观作为行政的根据。董仲舒在崇儒中的重要贡献，还表现在对儒家思想的改造上。他继承儒家的中心观念，如任德而不任刑、仁义礼智信等，且把它们置于通俗的阴阳五行的天道构架中。这一方面使儒家的核心价值观念冲破大传统的藩篱而在小传统中广泛地传播；另一方面也加强执政者施行儒家之道无可推卸的责任感。%In the early Han Dynasty, the politics was essentially the same as that of Qin. Emperors in the early period (from Emperor Gao to Emperor Jing) made little improvements on cultural policies. When Emperor Wu succeeded to the throne, he undertook the tasks of both political reform and cultural construction. Since cultural construction was the basis of political reform, Emperor Wu started with the cultural construction of “Confucianism worship and reform”. He set up a position held by the educational officials teachingThe Five Classics in the fifth year of Jianyuan and “assigned 50 disciples to these officials in the fifth year of Yuanshuo”. ( Both Jianyuan and Yuanshuo are titles of Emperor Wu’s reign). Dong Zhongshu, as an awakened figure in thought, cherished strong sense of crisis and spirit of responsibility for political reform and cultural construction. HisTian Ren San Ce was a classic document in the political reform and cultural construction in the Western Han Dynasty. Since theory had an important guiding significance to practice, it directly influenced the formulation and implementation of Emperor Wu’s cultural policies. This book closely combined cultural construction with political reform and actively advocated adopting virtue ruling of Confucianism in politics and taking the core values of Confucianism as the basis in administration. Dong Zhongshu’s important contribution to Confucianism worship was reflected in his transformation of Confucian thought. He not only inherited the core values of Confucianism such as “virtue-ruling rather than torture-ruling”, “kindness”, “righteousness”, “courtesy”, “wisdom” and “trustworthiness”, but also applied them into the popular framework of yin-yang and the five elements. This application, on the one hand, made the core values of Confucianism break through the great traditional barriers and widely spread in the minor tradition and on the other hand, strengthened the ruler’s inescapable sense of responsibility of applying Confucianism.
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