Guyuan city of Pingliangfu including nowaday Pingliang Ningxia and Haiyuan and western Longdong loess plateau. city of Gansu province, Zhenyuan county of Qingyang city, County of Wuzhong City was located in eastern Gansu province, southern Ningxia Climate was quite arid and ecological environment was very weak in these areas. This article intended to probe into Pingliangfu's population growth, land reclamation, construction of water conservancy facilities, crop species and so on by neatening history material and Pingliangfu's local records. Finally, the author summed up historical experience in agricultural development so that contemporary developers could get help for develo- ping agriculture in these areas.%明清时期平凉府（包括今天的甘肃省平凉市所辖地区、庆阳市的镇原县，宁夏固原市和吴忠市的海原县）地处甘肃省东部和宁夏南部，陇东黄土高原西部，该区气候干旱少雨，生态环境比较脆弱。本文拟通过对大量的正史资料和平凉府方志进行检索梳理，对明清时期平凉府人口增长，土地开垦，水利设施的建设及农作物的种类等进行了探究，进而对明清时期平凉府农业开发的历史经验教训进行了总结，以致对历史时期降水量较少、生态环境脆弱的黄土高原地区的农业开发有所助益，以引起当代开发者的注意。
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