Civil actions, especially the actions of contract are continuous. To achieve the goal of regulating parties' behavior and protecting their legal rights, in the contract concluding stage, contracting negligent liability is established, and in the contract performing phase, liability for breach of contract is set up. However, before the performance of a contract, what can we do to protect the legal rights of all parties? This is where the two systems of anticipatory breach and counterargument right for security came into being.%民事行为，特别是合同行为是一个持续的过程，并非一蹴而就。法律在合同订立阶段设立了缔约过失责任；在履行阶段设立了违约责任，以此达到规制当事人行为、维护当事人合法权利的目的。但在合同生效后履行开始前如何维护各方的合法权利，预期违约和不安抗辩权这两种不同的制度应运而生。
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机译：两岸四地累犯制度比较研究——兼论中国内地累犯制度一体化之构想 =Comparative Study on Recidivism System in Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and China: Concurrently Discuss the Conception of Recidivism System Integration in Mainland China
