Development and application of marker-assisted reverse breeding using hybrid maize germplasm

GUAN Yi-Xin; WANG Bao-hua; FENG Yan; LI Ping

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Development and application of marker-assisted reverse breeding using hybrid maize germplasm

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Humankind has been through different periods of agricultural improvement aiming at enhancing our food supply and the performance of food crops. In recent years, whole genome sequencing and deep understanding of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms have facilitated new plant breeding approaches to meet the chalenge of growing population, dwindling re-sources, and changing climate. Here we proposed a simple and fast molecular breeding method, marker-assisted reverse breeding (MARB), which wil revert any maize hybrid into inbred lines with any level of required similarity to its original parent lines. Since al the pericarp DNA of a hybrid is from the maternal parent, whereas one half of the embryo DNA is from the maternal parent and the other half from the paternal parent, so we ifrstly extract DNA from seed embryo and pericarp of a selected elite hybrid separately and then we derived the genotypes of the two parents with high-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chips. The folowing marker-assisted selection was performed based on an Ilumina low-density SNP chip designed with 192 SNPs polymorphic between the two parental genotypes, which were uniformly distributed on 10 maize chromosomes. This method has the advantages of fast speed, ifxed heterotic mode, and quick recovery of beneifcial parental genotypes compared to traditional pedigree breeding using elite hybrids. Meanwhile, MARB has the advantage of not requiring sophisticated transformation and double haploid (DH) technologies over RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated reverse breeding. In addition, MARB can also be used with feed corn harvested from big farms, which is often similar to F2 populations, and the relevant transgenes in the population can be eliminated by marker-assisted selection. As a result, the whole global commercial maize hybrids can be utilized as germplasm for breeding with MARB technology. Starting with an F2 population derived from an elite hybrid, our experiment indicates that with three cycles of marker-assisted selection, selected lines could recover over 80% of the parental genotypes and associated beneifcial genes in a ifxed heterotic mode. The success application of MARB in maize suggests that this technology is applicable to any hybrid crop to breed new inbreds with improved hybrid performance but the same heterotic mode. As chip technology becomes cheap, it would be expected that polymorphism screening and folowing marker-assisted selection could be done with one al-purpose high density chip. Several issues associated with MARB were discussed, including its rationale, efifciency and advantages, along with food/feed and environmental safety issues and applications of MARB in variety protection and marker-assisted plant breeding.

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《农业科学学报（英文版）》 |2015年第12期|2538-2546|共9页
作者
GUAN Yi-Xin; WANG Bao-hua; FENG Yan; LI Ping;
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Scientiifc 0bserving and Experimental Station of Maize in Plain Area of Southern Region, Ministry of Agriculture/School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, P.R.China;

Scientiifc 0bserving and Experimental Station of Maize in Plain Area of Southern Region, Ministry of Agriculture/School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, P.R.China;

Scientiifc 0bserving and Experimental Station of Maize in Plain Area of Southern Region, Ministry of Agriculture/School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, P.R.China;

Scientiifc 0bserving and Experimental Station of Maize in Plain Area of Southern Region, Ministry of Agriculture/School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, P.R.China;

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Development and application of marker-assisted reverse breeding using hybrid maize germplasm

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