Effects of plant density and nitrogen rate on cotton yield and nitrogen use in cotton stubble retaining fields

WANG Shi-hong; MAO Li-li; SHI Jia-liang; NIE Jun-jun; SONG Xian-liang; SUN Xue-zhen

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Effects of plant density and nitrogen rate on cotton yield and nitrogen use in cotton stubble retaining fields

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Increasing nitrogen(N)rate could accelerate the decomposition of crop residues,and then improve crop yield by increasing N availability of soil and N uptake of crops.However,it is not clear whether N rate and plant density should be modified after a long period of cotton stubble return with high N rate.This study seeks to assess the effects of N rate and plant density on cotton yield,N use efficiency,leaf senescence,soil inorganic N,and apparent N balance in cotton stubble return fields in Liaocheng,China,in 2016 and 2017.Three plant densities 5.25(D_(5.25)),6.75(D_(6.75))and 8.25(D_(8.25))plants m^(-2) and five N rates 0(N_(0)),105(N_(105)),210(N_(210)),315(N315),and 420(N420)kg ha^(-1) were investigated.Compared to the combination used by local farmers(D_(5.25)N_(315)),a 33.3%N reduction and a 28.6%increase in plant density(D_(6.75)N_(210))can maintain high cotton yield,while a 66.7%N reduction at 6.75 plants m^(-2)(D_(6.75)N_(105))can only achieve high yield in the first year.Biological yield increased with the increase of N rate and plant density,and the highest yield was obtained under 420 kg N ha^(-1) at 8.25 plants m^(-2)(D_(8.25)N_(420))across the two years under investigation.Compared to D5.25N315,N agronomic efficiency(NAE)and N recovery efficiency(NRE)in D_(6.75)N_(210) increased by 30.2 and 54.1%,respectively,and NAE and NRE in D6.75N105 increased by 104.8 and 88.1%,respectively.Soil inorganic N decreased sharply under 105 kg N ha^(-1),but no change was found under 210 kg N ha^(-1) at 6.75 plants m^(-2).N deficit occurred under 105 kg N ha^(-1),but it did not occurr under 210 kg N ha^(-1) at 6.75 plants m^(-2).Net photosynthetic rate and N concentration of leaves under N rate ranging from 210 to 420 kg ha^(-1) were higher than those under N rate of 0 or 105 kg N ha^(-1) at all three densities.The findings suggest that D6.75N210 is a superior combination in cotton stubble retaining fields in the Yellow River Valley and other areas with similar ecologies.

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《农业科学学报（英文版）》 |2021年第8期|2090-2099|共10页
作者
WANG Shi-hong; MAO Li-li; SHI Jia-liang; NIE Jun-jun; SONG Xian-liang; SUN Xue-zhen;
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Agronomy College Shandong Agricultural University Tai'an 271018 P.R.China;

Liaocheng Academy of Agricultural Sciences Liaocheng 252000 P.R.China;

Agronomy College Shandong Agricultural University Tai'an 271018 P.R.China;

Dezhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences Dezhou 253000 P.R.China;

Agronomy College Shandong Agricultural University Tai'an 271018 P.R.China;

Agronomy College Shandong Agricultural University Tai'an 271018 P.R.China;

Agronomy College Shandong Agricultural University Tai'an 271018 P.R.China;

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Effects of plant density and nitrogen rate on cotton yield and nitrogen use in cotton stubble retaining fields

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