欧盟、美国、日本等11个缔约方完成了《反假冒贸易协定》（ACTA）的文本讨论,但是,ACTA的谈判过程和文本内容一直充满了争议和批评。总体上看,ACTA具有以下主要特点：发达国家主导性、谈判场所的独立性、谈判过程的秘密性、制定时间的迅速性、协定属性的诸边性、执法体系的强化性等。ACTA弱化了现有的知识产权多边保护体系,并把关注重点从实体权利完全转移到执法实践,将对知识产权国际体制产生重要影响。虽然ACTA谈判故意回避了发展中国家,但可以预见ACTA将会以各种方式被输送给发展中国家。随着ACTA的生效和实施,国际贸易将受到较大影响,并有可能构成新的贸易壁垒。在此背景下,中国应当开展专门研究,积极采取应对之策,避免ACTA的不利影响。%Since January 2008, 11 rounds of secret negotiation had been held by the 11 contracting parties including EU, USA, Japan, and finally they brought the discussion of ACTA text to a great completion. However, controversies and critics never disappear during the negotiating process towards the ACTA text. Generally speaking, ACTA has the following characteristics： the leading role of the developed nations; the independent occasion for negotiation; the secrecy of the negotiating process; the fast pace of the completion; the pluralateral nature of the agreement and the intensifying of the IPR enforcement system. Nevertheless, AC- TA weakens the current multilateral IPR system and fully transfers the focal point from substantive rights to enforcement practices, thus exerting an over-whelming influence on the international system of IPR. While ACTA deliberately avoids the developing countries, we can foresee that ACTA will be passed on to developing countries in various ways. In addition, as ACTA comes into effect and has been carried out, world trade will be deeply influenced and new trade barrier will come out. Against such background, China should carry out special research and take active measures to avoid the adverse effect of ACTA.
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