为揭示单车道路段上车辆排队的演化规律，描述了车辆排队的形成和消散过程与核裂变的链式反应过程之间的相似性。根据核链式反应原理，建立了单车道路段上车辆排队的链式反应模型体系，包括车辆排队形成模型、车辆排队消散模型和信号交叉口车辆排队模型。利用大连市典型路段的实测交通数据对车辆排队形成和消散模型进行了验证，并运用MAT-LAB软件对不同条件下的交通流进行数值模拟，分析了阻滞信号和消散信号的传播速度对于到达流量和行驶速度的敏感度。结果显示，模型具有较高的精度，可以测算单车道路段上车辆排队的链式反应速度和范围，能够解释车辆排队形成和消散的内在规律。研究成果为解析多车道路段上车辆排队的演化规律以及路段阻塞的链式反应规律奠定了基础，可为解决城市交通拥堵问题提供理论依据，同时为研究交通排队提供新的思路和方法。%To reveal the vehicle queue formation and dissipation behavior on a road section with a single lane, the similarity between the growth and dissipation process of vehicle queuing and the chain reaction process of nuclear fission was described. According to the theory of nuclear chain reaction, a chain reaction model system of vehicle queuing on a road section with a single lane was built, including the vehicle queue formation model, the vehicle queue dissipation model, and the vehicle queue model for signalized intersections. By using the field survey data from a typical road section in Dalian city, vehicle queue formation and dissipation models were validated. Also, the numerical simulations for traffic streams under different conditions were made by applying MATLAB software. Based on the simulation results, the sensitivities of the propagation speed of block and dissipation signal to arrival flow rate and running speed were further analyzed. The results show that the proposed models were characterized by high precision, which can be used to calculate the propagation velocity and boundary of the chain reaction of vehicle queuing, and explain the vehicle queue behavior on a road section with a single lane. The research achievements provide a foundation for explaining the vehicle queuing behavior on a multilane road section and the chain reaction mechanism of road jam, give a theoretical basis for solving urban traffic congestion and jam problems and offer a novel idea and a method forstudying traffic queue.
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