Taking the theory of water movement in unsaturated soil, as a basis, a mathematical model for one-dimensional vertical infiltration was developed to describe soil water movement and the software SWMS-2D was used to solve this model. The simulation result was analyzed and verified by indoor experiment, which showed that both results of simulation and experiment were consistent with each other, so that the model was rational. The soil moisture distribution in the case of definite combination of irrigation elements and the infiltration characteristics were simulated numerically with this model and method. The result indicated that the soil characteristics, bulk density, initial water content and irrigation water depth had a slight influence on the soil moisture distribution pattern. The soil characteristics and bulk density had a greater influence on the variation of soil moisture content and water cumulative amount of infiltration and the initial water content and irrigation water depth had a smaller influence on the soil moisture content and water cumulative amount of infiltration.%以非饱和土壤水分运动理论为基础,建立垂直一维入渗土壤水分运动的数学模型,并用SWMS-2D软件进行求解,利用室内试验对模拟结果进行分析验证,模拟值与实测值基本吻合,所建模型合理.用所建模型和方法对一定灌水技术要素组合下土壤水分分布和入渗特性进行数值模拟,结果表明:土壤质地、容重、初始含水率和灌溉水深对土壤水分分布模式影响微弱.土壤质地和容重对土壤含水率变化和累积入渗量影响较大,入渗水头和土壤初始含水率对土壤含水率变化和累积入渗量影响较小.
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