文章构建生育行为影响主观幸福感的概念模型与实证模型,绕开对生育行为与主观幸福感两者绝对关系的探讨,加入中介变量和调节变量分析生育行为影响主观幸福感的作用路径并进行相关假说的检验.主要结论为:1)以收入、消费为代表的货币因素在生育行为对年老父母主观幸福感的影响过程中起遮掩作用,生育效应最佳的货币路径为"生育行为→收入→主观幸福感".2)以婚姻为代表的非货币因素在生育行为对年轻父母主观幸福感的影响过程中起完全中介作用,生育效应最佳的非货币路径为"生育行为→婚姻→主观幸福感".3)在纳入相对收入和相对消费的多重中介效应模型中,生育效应最佳的货币路径为"生育行为→相对收入→主观幸福感".4)计划生育政策和城乡户籍政策对"生育行为－主观幸福感"之间关系存在显著的调节效应.本研究对于深入理解与把握"生育－幸福"、"幸福－收入"之间的关系以及相关政策的制定具有一定的指导意义.政策建议为:首先,需要逐步健全与完善社会保障机制,提高基本养老服务、医疗卫生服务、精准扶贫工作等公共产品与服务的质量并优化投入结构与供给模式.其次,从加强精神文明建设、健全婚姻保障法律体系两个方面提高年轻父母的幸福程度.最后,健全农民、农民工与市民群体"差别化"的生育政策体系,解决生育子女所存在的经济问题、教育问题、照料问题、社保问题等,引导农民、农民工和市民树立科学、正确的生育观和养育观.%The paper constructs a concept model for the fertility behavior and subjective well－be-ing,and puts forward and verifies the relevant hypothesis based on CGSS2013 data.The study finds that:1)Currency factors which include income and consumption have cover effect in the process of fertility behavior influencing the subjective well－being of the elderly parents,and the best currency path is＂fertility behavior→income→subjective well－being＂.2)Non－currency factors which include marriage and health have completely mediating role in the process of fertility behavior influencing the subjective well－being of the young parents,and the best non－currency path is＂fertility behavior→marriage→subjective well－being＂.3)The best currency path is＂fertility behavior→relative income→subjective well－being＂,in the mediation effect model which includes relative income and relative consumption.4)The family planning policy and household registration policy have regulatory Effect on the relationship between fertility and happiness.The paper is therefore helpful for a better under-standing of the relationship between the fertility－happiness and happiness－income as well as the rel-evant policy－making processes.The policy recommendations include:First,it is necessary to gradu-ally improve the social security mechanism,and to elevate the quality of public goods and services,such as basic old age caring services,medical and health services,and targeted poverty alleviation work.Secondly,it is necessary to increase the degree of happiness of young parents by strengthening the construction of spiritual civilization and perfecting the legal system for marriage guarantee.And fi-nally,it is necessary to perfect the＂differential＂fertility policy systems for different population groups of farmers,migrant workers and citizens respectively,to solve fertility－related problems,like family economy,education,caring and social security,etc.,and to guide parents in setting up scien-tific and correct view of childbearing and rearing.
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