超材料的电磁响应不仅由其构成材料决定，更与其谐振单元的微结构和排列组合息息相关，基于电磁超材料的完美吸波器（Perfect Metamaterial Absorber ，PMA）通过设计合理的谐振器微结构可实现对特定频段电磁波的100％吸收。PM A具备设计灵活、响应可调、吸波强、频带宽、厚度薄、质量轻等诸多优点，可广泛用于隐身材料、频率选择表面、太赫兹成像、微型天线、智能通信、电磁波探测及调控等领域。本文在结合国内外研究现状的基础上综述了基于 PM A发展历程、结构特征、制备工艺、性能测试等，以期获得对PM A更为深刻和全面的理解。最后对PM A的发展趋势、应用前景和亟待解决的问题做了探讨，具备多功能的主动智能PM A和基于新工艺、新材料的新型PM A将是未来的发展趋势。%Electromagnetic response of metamaterials is not only determined by its component materi‐als but also the microstructure and arrangements of its resonant elements .T he perfect absorber pre‐pared by metamaterial (PM A ) can realize 100% absorption in specific frequency bands by designing reasonable structures of resonators .PM A can be applied in many domains ,such as stealth material , frequency selective surface ,terahertz imaging ,micro antenna ,intelligent communication ,detection and regulation of electromagnetic wave because of its flexible designing ,adjustable response ,strong absorption ,broad band ,thin thickness ,light mass .Based on the present study situation at home and abroad ,we summarized the development ,structure ,preparation and test of PMA .In order to gain a more profound and comprehensive understanding on PMA ,we also explored its trends ,prospects and urgent problems .Proactive and intelligent PMA with multi functions and new PMA prepared by new material and new process are the future development trends .
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