On the basis of the three-tier framework of statistical literacy by Watson, this paper constrncts the conceptual framework of the three-level understanding of measures of central tendency and uses this conceptual framework to devise a test. By testing 155 key high school students and 176 ordinary high school students from Shanghai and interviewing 11 students among them, this paper found that the majority of the students could correctly calculate the measures of central tendency and appropriately use measures of central tendency in real context, but they had difficulties in justifying their use of the measures. These students performed better in mode and mean than in median. The key high school students＇ understanding of measures of central tendency was significantly better than the ordinary high school students.%在Watson统计素养三层次框架的基础上形成了＂关于集中量数理解的3个水平＂的思想框架,利用该框架编制的测试卷对来自上海某重点高中155名学生和某普通高中176名学生的测试和其中11名学生的访谈,发现大部分学生能正确计算集中量数,能结合实际问题背景使用恰当的集中量数,但在对所使用的集中量数进行解释时有较大困难.这些学生对众数和平均数的掌握要好于中位数.重点高中学生对集中量数的理解水平在统计意义下显著好于普通高中学生.
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